By Alasdair McKay, UK Defence Forum Researcher
Those familiar with Sudan's history would find it difficult to dispute the view that 2011 will be one of the most important and pivotal years yet for the nation. The year commenced with a January referendum on whether the South would remain part of the North, as a unified country, or secede and become an independent state. The result of the referendum was a 98.83% vote in favor of South Sudan becoming independent. The Sudanese President, Omar al-Bashir, accepted the referendum result, and the Republic of South Sudan is expected to officially become Africa's 54th state on July 9th 2011. Salva Kiir Mayardi, who is also chairman of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), has taken office as the President of South Sudan.
However, beginnings can be very difficult times and South Sudan already risks becoming a failed state. Proxy wars have recently emerged in the South between various rebel groups. The Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) – the military wing of South Sudan's ruling SPLM party – is thought to be at war with at least seven militias in the South. As a consequence of the conflicts, between 800 and 1000 people have been killed this year, with tens of thousands displaced by the various conflicts affecting nine of the South's ten states. The problems have partially emanated from many of the rebel groups believing that Kiir's new government of South Sudan is plotting to stay in power indefinitely, not adequately representing all tribal groups and neglecting development in rural areas of the South.
The conflicts in South Sudan have led many community members to acquire weapons for protection.












